Ralph Nossal, PhD, Chief

The Laboratory of Integrative and Medical Biophysics (LIMB) performs interdisciplinary research into cell and tissue processes in both normal and disease states, developing new methodologies for biomedical research and diagnosis. The LIMB's work links biomedical research with experimental and theoretical techniques commonly associated with the physical and engineering sciences. Specialized interests and expertise extend to optical imaging of biological tissues, magnetic resonance imaging, mathematical modeling, methods of quantitative cell biology, techniques for assessing ultrasmall biological samples, and polymer physics and physical chemistry. Investigators study biological function at levels of complexity varying from molecule to tissue, focusing on interactive behavior at different length and time scales. Much of the laboratory's work is strongly collaborative, and a number of research projects are carried out with colleagues in other NIH branches and laboratories as well as with investigators at other institutions.

Peter Basser heads the Section on Tissue Biophysics and Biomimetics, which works to understand fundamental relationships between function and structure in soft tissues, in "engineered" tissue constructs, and in tissue analogues (e.g., polymer gels). In combination with descriptive biological analysis, members of the section develop new physical theories, mathematical and computational models, and biomimetic tissue analogues to aid in the design and interpretation of biological experiments. The Section also continues to invent and develop quantitative in vivo imaging methodologies, such as diffusion tensor magnetic resonance imaging (DT-MRI), to probe structure in normal and diseased tissue, with particular emphasis on brain imaging applications.

Led by Robert Bonner, the Section on Medical Biophysics focuses on interdisciplinary translational research and on new enabling technologies, drawing on its expertise in developing and evaluating new optical technologies for clinical research, diagnosis, and treatment. The Section continues its work on advancing technologies for isolating targeted cells for use in genomic and proteomic investigations of tissue pathology and in studies of developing organisms. Current work focuses on developing an automated, laser-based microtransfer method that employs cell-specific stains for use in proteomics and lipid-based studies. In addition, the Section is investigating the role of chronic phototoxicity in the outer retina as a driving force in age-related macular degeneration (AMD), with the goal of developing a biophysical model to predict photochemical changes in the eyes of an aging population and developing optical filters to arrest disease progression.

Amir Gandjbakhche's Section on Biomedical Stochastic Physics works primarily on non-invasive optical imaging of biological tissues. The Section is carries out a multifaceted experimental and computational research program that incorporates mathematical and physical theories and technologies, experimental models, and collaborative clinical investigations. Current projects include time-resolved illumination of thick tissue for quantitative spectroscopy of tumors, specific fluorescent markers for identifying disease processes, fluorescence-lifetime functional imaging, near-infrared and visible light multispectral imaging, and multimodality imaging combining thermography and laser-Doppler bloodflowmetry. The Section is also studying aspects of tumor-induced angiogenesis, using mathematical modeling and observations made on tissue culture cells to understand the proliferation and patterning of endothelial cells recruited from existing blood vessels.

Ralph Nossal's group, the Section on Cell Biophysics, aims to understand the physical basis for cell processes involved in signal transduction, protein trafficking, and cell motility. The group's long-term goal is to build an arsenal of tools, both theoretical and experimental, to study how such cellular activities are coordinated in space and time. The Section's activities include, for example, the development of specialized fluorescence-based optical instrumentation to study dynamic supramolecular processes, the use of electromagnetic scattering techniques to characterize structures on nanometer length scales, and the creation of mathematical models to understand vesicle formation at the plasma membrane and gradient sensing in chemotactic response. The Section also carries out research in a variety of projects on tubulin polymers, with emphasis on drug-tubulin interactions and the ways that environmental factors affect microtubule behavior and lead to cytoskeletal transformation.